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      <h3>Perspectives from the Philippines</h3>
      <p>Edited by Antonio La Vina • Jose Andres Canivel • Donna Paz Reyes</p>
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          <h2>Case studies on the age of the Anthropocene</h2>
          <p>
          The Anthropocene, or the age of man, as proposed current geologic age characterizes the dominant influence of humans on climate and the environment. The Philippines is no stranger to the unfortunate reality of an increasingly warmer planet, rising sea levels, deforestation, and forest and landscape degradation.
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          <p>Forests in the Anthropocene: Perspectives from the Philippines shares a compendium of Filipino multidisciplinary scholarship on the archipelagic interplay of forest and people in the Anthropocene. This book aims to provide local accounts of human and forest dynamics—what has been and could be done to promote a just and inclusive governance. It is hoped that this book drives different sectors toward a deeper appreciation, social commitment, and collective action for the protection and conservation of the Philippines forests.</p>
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        <h3>Forest Conservation in the Philippines</h3>
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        <h1>Linking People, Forest, and Policies</h1></div>
        <p>Juan M. Pulhin, PhD  • Ma. Louiella Rose Catudio • Perlyn Pulhin-Yoshida</p>
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            <h4>As Earth progresses into a new geologic epoch called the Anthropocene, the Philippine forestry sector faces greater challenges as deforestation and forest degradation become more apparent.</h4>
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            <p>Severe and irreversible impacts from human-induced activities have ushered the country into this new epoch, shaped by colonization, industrialization, modernization, commoditization, and various laws and policies throughout history. </p>

            <p>This chapter provides an overview of the intricate relationship among people, forests, and policies viewed through the lenses of social, political, economic, and cultural influences in the Anthropocene.</p>
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              <b>Juan M. Pulhin, PhD</b> is full professor, UP Scientist III, and former dean of the College of Forestry and Natural Resources in the University of the Philippines Los Baños. He has co-authored or co-edited 12 books and written more than 120 peer-reviewed articles on various topics including community-based forest management, natural resource governance, among others.
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            <b>Ma. Louiella Rose Catudio</b> obtained her bachelor’s degree in forestry from the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). She is currently a graduate student of forestry specializing in silviculture and forest influences in the same university. Her research delves into forest dynamics and restoration, climate change, and agroforestry.
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            <b>Perlyn Pulhin-Yoshida</b> holds a master’s degree in environmental science and a bachelor’s degree in development communication. She has more than 18 years of international and local work experience in the areas of environmental research, science-policy initiatives, knowledge management, and communications and development.
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            <h3>A networked landscape?</h3>
            <h1>Using Relational Structures to Examine the Implementation of Community-based Forestry Projects in the Mount Kalatungan Mountain Range</h1>
            <p>Le Anh Nguyen Long, PhD  • Catherine Diaz • Mart Thomas Kyle P. Markines</p>
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            <h4>Worldwide, indigenous peoples leverage different knowledge bases, including scientific and indigenous knowledge systems and practices, to sustain their forests. </h4>
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            <p>This chapter illustrates how social network analysis (SNA) can be used as a project evaluation tool from the outset and in intervals of indigenous peoples’ forestry projects. It applies this approach to two projects which engage with six community-based forestry initiatives in the Kalatungan Mountain Range.</p>
            <p>Their ability to steward their ancestral lands may be enhanced by applying social network theories and tools.</p>
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              <b>Le Anh Nguyen Long, PhD</b> is a Professor of Public Administration at the University of Twente, Netherlands and has a joint Ph.D. in public policy and political sciences from Indiana University, Bloomington. She has investigated questions on social networks and governance in environmental policy and politics, and sustainability,  among others. Her most recent publications are featured in Global Environmental Politics, Policy Sciences, and Public Administration Review.
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              <b>Catherine Diaz</b> is a researcher and environmental scientist. She has a bachelor’s degree in environmental science from Central Mindanao University.
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              <b>Mart Thomas Kyle P. Markines</b> is a researcher and project coordinator. He has a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Xavier University–Ateneo de Cagayan.
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            <h3>Protecting the environment</h3>
            <h1>An Exploration of the Roles, Motivations, and Live Experiences of Forest Guards in the Philippines</h1>
            <p>Gideon Lasco, PhD</p>
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            <h4>Despite the existence of forest guards or “bantay gubat” as field-level implementers of environmental policies all over the country, and despite the violence they face, little scholarship has been done to document their motivations, roles, and lived experiences.</h4>
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            <p>This chapter seeks to fill this void by presenting findings from a multi-sited qualitative study, in which 12 focus group discussions were conducted among forest guards in Luzon and Northern Mindanao.</p>

            <p>Common themes that emerged include the sense of financial, physical, and legal vulnerability, lack of recognition, the role of politics in their work, and a range of motivations including a strong sense of identity and a conception of the mountains as “home.”</p>
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            <b>Gideon Lasco</b>, PhD is a physician, medical anthropologist, mountaineer, and columnist who writes about health, medicine, culture, society, and the Philippines. He teaches anthropology at the University of the Philippines Diliman and is currently a research fellow at the Ateneo de Manila University Development Studies Program. He recently authored The Philippines is Not a Small Country, published by Ateneo de Manila University Press.
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            <h3>Indigenous forest livelihoods in the anthropocene</h3>
            <h1>Social-Ecological Assessment of Abaca and Giant Honey Bee Indigenous Forest Enterprises Through a Transdisciplinary Approach</h1>
            <p>Denise Margaret S. Matias, PhD  • Hanna Claudine Gallardo • Sean Alain Betonnio • Mar Xyle Marisse Bacas</p>
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            <h4>In the Anthropocene, it is worth exploring forest livelihood projects that promote multiple forest products and see whether they are more beneficial for forest-dependent peoples and their forest in the long-term than projects that only focus on one forest product.</h4>
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            <p>Focusing on honey from giant honey bees (<i>Apis dorsata</i>) and hinabol from abacá (<i>Musa textilis</i>) plants, this research assessed how mobile (giant honey bees) and immobile (abacá plants) agents shape both the livelihoods of indigenous peoples and the ecological integrity of a community forest landscape.</p>

            <p>This chapter shows that diversified livelihoods contribute to the ethnocompetitiveness of the Higaonon community and could decrease natural resource exploitation pressure on a single forest product while maintaining forest cover. </p>
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              <b>Denise Margaret S. Matias, PhD</b> was the project director of BEST Forests and is an associate researcher of the Center for Development Research (ZEF) Bonn. She graduated with a doctoral degree in agricultural sciences from the University of Bonn.
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              <b>Hanna Claudine Gallardo, Sean Alain Betonio, and Mar Xyle Marisse Bacas</b> were research assistants of BEST Forests and gained their bachelor’s degrees from Xavier University–Ateneo de Cagayan.
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            <h1>Exploring the Nexus Approach in Forest Conservation and Energy Access for Policy Integration and Coherence in the Philippines</h1>
            <p>Manuel P. S. Solis, PhD</p>
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            <h4>The forest conservation and energy access nexus, with climate change looming large in the horizon, is considered as one of the paramount concerns in the Anthropocene. The imperatives to adapt to and mitigate the changes spawned by the Anthropocene put pressure on legal systems to respond and adjust.</h4>
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            <p>The forest conservation and energy access nexus remains unexplored in the context of the the Philippines’ institutional, legal, and policy frameworks, which is reflected in the lack of research and literature looking into such linkages. </p>

            <p>This chapter introduces the nexus approach for the first time as an analytical and exploratory tool; it propounds that such an approach has the potential to uncover the gaps in the forest and energy policy environment and enhance integration and coherence to attain common or shared objectives. </p>
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            <b>Manuel P. S. Solis</b>, PhD is affiliated with the Manila Observatory as a Senior Research Fellow. He was a tenured law lecturer at the University of Adelaide Law School, where he obtained his PhD in Law. Solis has been extensively involved in institutional capacity and regulatory and policy development work in the Philippines involving the United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, and Australian Agency for International Development, among others.
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            <h3></h3>
            <h1>Examining Sustainability Issues in the Water Dependent Economy of Downstream Sectors in the Cagayan de Oro River Basin</h1>
            <p>Catherine Almaden, PhD</p>
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            <h4>Meeting the water demands of growing cities requires not only large quantities of high-quality water for domestic use, but also large volumes of water for industrial production and commercial uses. These competing demands pose enormous challenges to the social, political, and physical environment.</h4>
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            <p>Interrelated sustainability issues are examined in the case of the downstream water users in the Cagayan de Oro River Basin (CDORB), specifically Cagayan de Oro City (CDOC).</p>

            <p>This chapter applies the systematic literature review method, in which existing studies are aggregated, reviewed, and assessed,  to identify, critically appraise, and summarize the existing data about the CDORB and the water users in CDOC on the status of interrelated pressures to water management that pose sustainability issues needed for more holistic and responsive policy and regulation. </p>
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            <b>Catherine Roween Chico-Almaden</b>, PhD is currently the College President of the Northern Bukidnon State College. Prior to that, she was employed for 21 years at Xavier University–Ateneo de Cagayan, where she served as Graduate School Dean, Executive Assistant to the Vice President for Higher Education, Assistant Dean for the College of Arts and Sciences, and Economics Department Chairperson. She has completed over 20 research projects funded by national and international organizations.
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            <h1>Decision Maker’s Summary</h1>
            <h5>It is deemed that the six chapters in the book present valuable insights drawn from national, local, and institutional case narratives using community and academic perspectives that will be useful inputs for conservation practitioners and policy actors. This brochure summarizes these policy recommendations aimed to support decision makers. </h5>
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        <h2 class="text-center">Download the entire Forests<br>in the Antropocene book</h2>
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            <h5>This book is part of Forest Foundation Philippines’ Learning Landscapes Program that aims to apply critical and multidisciplinary lens in documenting lessons and sharing insights from supporting and implementing forest conservation projects in some of the critical landscapes in the country.</h5>
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